What HVAC Energy-Efficiency Ratings Mean

Are you researching the efficiency ratings of new air conditioning and furnace systems? Perhaps you’re just curious to understand the rating on your current HVAC system. Either way, you can learn the efficiency rating and estimated yearly operating costs by reading the yellow Energy Guide label around the side of the unit. Here’s more information about the multiple ratings you might see and what they mean.

What Is a SEER Rating?

SEER stands for Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio, a rating of air conditioning efficiency. The SEER rating is a calculation of the cooling output of an AC unit over an entire cooling season, divided by the amount of energy consumed throughout that time. A higher SEER rating implies better energy efficiency and lower energy bills.

As of 2023, the minimum SEER rating for recently manufactured air conditioners is 14 SEER in the northern U.S. and 15 SEER in the southern U.S. This is an increase from the past minimum expectation of 13 SEER in the north and 14 SEER in the south, that was in effect from 2015 to 2022. This adjustment is one part of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) ongoing efforts to lower energy consumption and climate-impacting emissions.

Lately, premium air conditioners boast ratings of 26 SEER or higher, providing fantastic energy savings. However, exceptional SEER ratings commonly come with a higher up-front cost. Therefore, you should consider both the initial financial investment and the prospects for ongoing savings when choosing a new air conditioner.

What Is an EER Rating?

Although SEER ratings get more attention, there’s an additional efficiency metric you should know about. It’s called EER, and it is short for Energy Efficiency Ratio. This conveys the performance of an air conditioner under distinct operating conditions. The EER rating enables you to understand how the system will handle the demand on those very hot summer days.

Currently, only the southwest section of the country has a minimum EER rating of 12.2 EER for residential central air conditioners. The highest ratings top out at about 14 EER. Most of the time SEER and EER for the most part correspond, with higher ratings signifying better overall performance.

What Is an HSPF Rating?

Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF) ratings are metrics that indicate the measurement of the energy efficiency of air-source heat pumps when in heating mode. HSPF is a ratio of the total heat output in British Thermal Units (BTUs) during the heating season to the volume of electricity used in watt-hours. A higher HSPF rating indicates a more efficient heat pump.

The minimum HSPF rating for new heat pumps is 8.8 HSPF, a boost from the previous minimum of 8.2 HSPF. By requiring higher minimum HSPF ratings, the DOE is making it more affordable long-term for Americans to use more energy-efficient heating systems in homes and businesses across the U.S. Settling for less efficiency remains an option, but you may want to invest in a high-end heat pump with a rating of 13 HSPF or higher for the greatest performance.

What Is an AFUE Rating?

Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE) ratings are another standard of heating system efficiency, but they only relate to furnaces and boilers. AFUE is a percentage of the yearly heat output to the fuel consumed during that period. The higher the AFUE rating, the more efficient the heating unit(s).

In 2023, the minimum AFUE rating for new gas furnaces was revised to 81. Previously, the several southern states had a minimum of 80 AFUE, and the northern states required ratings of 90 AFUE or higher. While you aren’t required to install anything above the minimum, you’ll spend less on your utility bills by opting for a furnace rated 95 AFUE or higher.

What Is an ENERGY STAR® Rating?

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) launched the ENERGY STAR program in the early 1990s to help homeowners and businesses identify the most energy-efficient products available. HVAC equipment, appliances, water heaters, light fixtures, office equipment, electronics and building products that have a minimum threshold of efficiency can earn ENERGY STAR certification.

ENERGY STAR-rated products go above and beyond the minimum expectations to save energy and reduce emissions without limiting performance or features. You might also look for the ENERGY STAR Most Efficient designation, which recognizes the top performers in energy efficiency and innovation. The EPA is currently updating the qualification requirements given the new minimum HVAC efficiency standards.

Install an Efficient HVAC System

For help deciding which HVAC energy-efficiency rating is appropriate for your budget, look to Service Experts Heating & Air Conditioning. We can evaluate your situation and assist you in making an informed purchase. We can provide you with a wide range of products from today’s most popular brands, all of which achieve or surpass the minimum efficiency requirements for 2023. We’re so sure you’ll be happy with our services that we provide a 100% satisfaction guarantee! For more information or to schedule a complimentary HVAC installation estimate, please contact a Service Experts office near you.

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